المقدمة
نظراً للإعداد الكبيرة التي ترغب في الالتحاق ببرنامج الدراسات العليا بقسم اللغة الانجليزية وكذلك تعليمات إدارة الدراسات العليا والتدريب بالجامعة بقبول المعيدين بدون امتحانات ، حيث تم تتسيب حوالي 14 معيد من كليات الفروع مع وجود 7 طلبة إيقاف قيد مما يجعل الإجمالي حوالي 21 طالب حيث ان إمكانيات القسم لا تسمح بقبول عدد المتقدمين للدراسات العليا البالغ 180 طالب ، خاصة فيما يتعلق بالإشراف علي الرسائل العلمية.
وبناءً علي رغبة القسم في إتاحة فرص للمتقدمين ومنهم خريجي قسم اللغة الانجليزية المتحصلين علي تقديرات عالية.
وبناءاً علي المادة (124) من اللائحة (501) التي تنص علي “تمنح درجة الإجازة العالية (الماجستير) بعد اجتياز الطالب المقررات الدراسية ، بحيث لا يقل عدد وحداتها عن (24) وحدة دراسية بالإضافة إلي انجاز رسالة … أو دراسة عدد (40) وحدة دراسة بنجاح.”
لذلك رأت لجنة الدراسات العليا بالقسم للتغلب على هذه المشاكل و إتاحة فرص للجميع اقتراح برنامج بديل يحتوي على تخصصين:
1.MA in Linguistics and Translation
2.MA in Applied Linguistics
الرؤية
برنامج رائد طموح يسعي إلي التميز والتواجد العالمي في مجال اللغة الانجليزية.
الرسالة
إعداد كوادر مؤهلة في مجال تدريس اللغة الانجليزية وعلوم اللغة للمستوي الجامعي توافق تطلعات واحتياجات المجتمع وتواكب احدث الوسائل العلمية وطرق التدريس لتكون قادرة علي المساهمة في إنشاء جيل من المتخصصين في اللغة الانجليزية وعلومها في الجامعات والمعاهد العليا وكذلك إثراء البحث العلمي في المجالات المختلفة للغة الانجليزية والتعاون وتبادل الخبرات مع الجامعات وبرامج الدراسات العليا في اللغة الإنجليزية المحلية والإقليمية والعالمية والمبادرة بتفعيل برامج مشتركة مع المتميز منها.
ونظراً للطلب المتزايد علي دراسة علم الترجمة بشكلها النظري والعملي، فإن القسم الثاني من برنامج الدراسات العليا بقسم اللغة الانجليزية يهدف الي اكتساب الطلاب الدارسين لهذا البرنامج المهارات اللازمة لدراسة هذا العلم وذلك من أجل إعدادهم و تهيئتهم للتدريس علي مستوي الجامعي.
الأهداف
1- الارتقاء بمخرجات التعليم في مجال الدراسات الجامعية العليا في اللغة الانجليزية لتكون متميزة , قادرة علي المنافسة المحلية والإقليمية والعالمية.
2- إعداد كوادر كفؤة من المتخصصين في تدريس اللغة الانجليزية في الجامعات والمعاهد ومراكز التعليم العالي.
3.إعداد كوادر متخصصة في علم الترجمة ولديها القدرة علي العمل في مجال الترجمة أو الترجمة الفورية من اللغة العربية إلي اللغة الانجليزية والعكس للعمل في المنظمات الدولية و الإقليمية.
4- إرساء دعائم البحث العلمي في مجال اللغة الانجليزية وتهيئة البيئة المناسبة للطالب لاكتساب مهارات البحث العلمي والتفكير الابتكاري وفق الأساليب العلمية الحديثة.
5- المساهمة في إثراء المكتبة الجامعية المحلية والإقليمية والعالمية برسائل و أطروحات تبحث في مختلف قضايا ونظريات تدريس اللغة الانجليزية في التعليم العالي وكذلك قضايا تدريس اللغة الانجليزية في البيئة المحلية وربطها بالنظريات العلمية الحديثة والإسهام في ترجمة الكتب في المجالات المختلفة وخاصة الأكاديمية منها.
6- مواكبة التطورات العلمية العالمية من أساليب وطرق تدريس حديثة والتطوير المستمر لبرنامج الدراسات العليا بقسم اللغة الانجليزية من أجل أن يكون له تواجد تنافسي محليا وإقليميا ودوليا.
7- الاطلاع واستخدام الطرق الحديثة في ترجمة مختلف أنواع النصوص.
8- تشجيع استمرارية التطوير المهني الذاتي لأعضاء هيأة التدريس.
9- ترسيخ التعاون مع الجامعات والهيئات والمؤسسات العلمية المحلية والإقليمية والعالمية في مجال اللغة الانجليزية و تفعيل الشراكة مع المتميز منها في برامج الدراسات العليا والبحث العلمي.
ماجستير في اللغويات التطبيقية
M.A in Applied Linguistics
المسار الأول (مواد + رسالة)
تتكون المرحلة التمهيدية من البرنامج من 6 مواد دراسية إلزامية و مادتان يختارهما الطالب من المواد الاختيارية بشرط أن لا تقل عدد الساعات الدراسية في الفصل الدراسي عن 6 ساعات دراسية ولا تزيد عن 12 ساعة دراسية خلال الفصل , علي أن يجتاز الطالب المواد الدراسية المقررة بتقدير جيد علي الأقل ، وبعد إكمال الطالب لعدد 24 ساعة يتقدم بمقترح البحث للاعتماد من قبل القسم وتكليف أحد أعضاء هيأة التدريس بالإشراف علي الرسالة.
وبعدها يناقش الطالب الرسالة العلمية أمام لجنة يقترحها القسم و يتم اعتمادها من الكلية والجامعة لهذا الغرض.
Compulsory Courses المواد الإجبارية
ر.م | اسم المادة | رقم المادة | عدد الساعات |
1 | General Linguistics | EA5121 | 3 |
2 | Language learning & Teaching | EA5122 | 3 |
3 | English Grammar | EA5123 | 3 |
4 | Language Testing | EA5124 | 3 |
5 | Literature in ELT | EA5125 | 3 |
6 | Research Methodology | EA5126 | 3 |
Elective Courses المواد الاختيارية
ر.م | اسم المادة | رقم المادة | عدد الساعات |
1 | Technology in ELT | EA5127 | 3 |
2 | Psycholinguistics | EA5128 | 3 |
3 | Socio. Linguistics | EA5129 | 3 |
4 | Discourse analysis | EA51210 | 3 |
5 | Error analysis | EA51211 | 3 |
6 | Syllabus Design | EA51212 | 3 |
7 | Linguistics & Language Teaching | EA51213 | 3 |
8 | Textbooks Evaluation | EA51214 | 3 |
Number of hours: 24 hrs. + Thesis 9 hrs. (EA51213) |
المسار الثاني (مواد فقط)
بالإضافة إلي المواد الإلزامية يختار الطالب عدد 6 مواد من المواد الاختيارية . بالإضافة إلي بحث مصغر في علم اللغة التطبيقي.
Number of hours: 36 hrs. + Applied Linguistics Project 4 hrs. (EA51214) |
وصف المواد الدراسية لبرنامج ماجستير في اللغويات التطبيقية
Compulsory Courses
المواد الإجبارية
General Linguistics
EA5121 3hrs.
This course will provide an introduction to the study and analysis of morphology (word formation) and syntax (grammar) in human language. The focus will be on English but comparison will be made to other languages. The course also will illustrate branches of linguistic studies, Schools of Linguistics- Swiss School (De Saussure), Prague school, American structuralism (Bloomfield and his followers). Transformational theory (Chomsky). The course also introduces phrase structure rules a major transformations, functional theory and systematic linguistics.
Language learning & Teaching
EA5122 3hrs.
The aim of this course is to illustrate major elements such as approach, method and technique. Students are also introduced to both teaching and learning strategies. An overview of the language teaching methods is presented to ensure knowledge and information about them. Teaching strategies is designed to introduce new Teaching Assistants to the pedagogy and theoretical understanding of second/foreign language teaching and learning, so as to give students some practical and theoretical tools to develop their teaching abilities on their own. The course also shed light on syllabus design, textbook evaluation and illustrating the characteristics of teaching and learning. Moreover, students should be aware of teaching and learning theories in second and foreign language.
English Grammar
EA5123. 3hrs.
Students have the chance to learn more about basic grammatical ideas. Unit structure, class (open and closed classes) system. The elements of sentence. The verb phrase, its structure, tense, aspect and mood. Finite and non-finite verbs. The noun phrase- Basic noun phrase consisting of the noun head and a closed class element i.e. Determiners). Types of nouns. Number, Gender, and Case. Pronouns. Various types of pronouns. Adjectives and adverbs – defined morphologically and functionally. Prepositional phrase. Their structure and function. Classifications of the main types of prepositions. Simple sentences, the various patterns of a simple sentence consisting of compulsory elements only. Classifying simple sentences structurally and functionally. Statements, questions, negation, commands, and exclamations. Adverbials, A detailed study of adjuncts, disjuncts and conjuncts. An introductory idea of coordination and subordination. The main coordinators in English. Apposition.
Language Testing
EA5124 3hrs.
The aim of the course is to introduce purposes and methods of language testing to realize the characteristics of a good test. The students are also introduced to the four language skills and the two components of grammar and vocabulary regarding the testing of each individually. Major proficiency test types are presented in class for illustration such as TOFEL & ILETS. The students should comprehend how to compute basic test statistics before Constructing, administering, interpreting, and using test results. By the end of the course students should be able to construct an MCQ test for different language skills.
Literature in ELT
EA5125 3hrs.
This course discusses questions like “what is literature? What are the main literary concepts and terms which a teacher needs to know? It also examines the relationship between language teaching and literature. It presents a pedagogical treatment if literary texts (the type of sentence pattern, the type of vocabulary, the non-core meaning of the vocabulary) and the impact of this on designing syllabuses and learning materials. The course also looks at ways in which a variety of literary texts, including poetry, plays, short stories and novels, can be used in the classroom. The tasks and other activities organized around them offer generalizable procedures and teachings which can be applied or adapted to different teaching contexts.
Research Methodology
EA5126
This course provides an introduction to research design. The main goals of the course are: (a) to develop the ability of students to critically read and assess published research, and (b) to provide students with an overview of various stages in the process of carrying out research in the field of applied linguistics. The course will include such topics as the development of research questions and the generation of hypotheses, defining/describing variables, concepts such as validity and reliability, data collection procedures, data coding and analysis and basic statistical concepts. Qualitative/descriptive and quantitative research designs will both be discussed and contextualized as a function of research questions.
Elective Courses المواد الاختيارية
Technology in ELT
EA5127
The aim of this course is to provide students with information and communication technology (ICT) tools and how use them in language classrooms. The course covers the following topics:
- Terms related to ICT.
- Technology in language Teaching.
- Using websites.
- How to use e-mails.
- Online reference tools.
- Producing electronic materials.
- E-learning online teaching and training.
Psycholinguistics
EA5128
Psycholinguistics is an interdisciplinary field of study in which the goals are to understand how people acquire language, how people use language to speak and understand one another, and how language is represented and processed in the brain. Psycholinguistics, also known as the psychology of language, is primarily a sub-discipline of psychology and linguistics, but it is also related to developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, neurolinguistics, and speech science. It is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, comprehend and produce language. Psycholinguistics examines the cognitive processes that make it possible to generate a grammatical and meaningful sentence.
Credit Units: 2 units
Contact hours: 2-hour lecture once a week
Prerequisite: 20452
Placement 6th semester
Course Objectives
At the end of the course, students are expected to:
- define psycholinguistics;
- discuss the origins of the field of psycholinguistics;
- state the processes involved in psycholinguistic inquiry;
- examine the nature of language;
- discuss the processes involved in the comprehension of speech;
- determine the processes involved in the production of speech;
- explain the language acquisition process;
- examine how languages can be lost;
- outline some important processes that characterize the working of the human mind; and
- link the human mind with linguistic performance as expressed through linguistics choices.
Course Outline
- Language Acquisition
- First words
- The birth of grammar
- Evidence for innateness
- Stages of linguistics development
- Production of language
- Conceptualization
- Formulation
- Articulation
- Self-monitoring
III. Comprehension of language
- Sounds
- Words
- Sentences
- Texts
- Dissolution: language loss
- Neurolinguistics and language loss
- Speech and language disorders
Methods of Instruction: Lectures, class discussions, and individual student presentation of a seminal article in the field.
Nature of Evaluation: Theoretical
Method of Assessment
Student assignments & presentation 10%
Midterm Examination 30%
Final Examination 60%
Recommended Text: Scovel, Thomas (1998) Psycholinguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Other References
Carrol, David (1994) Psychology of Language. Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.
Clark, Herbert and Clark, Eve (1977) Psychology and Language: An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. New York: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich.
Garman, Micheal (1990) Psycholinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gleason, Jean and Ratner, Nan (eds) (1993) Psycholinguistics. New York: Harcourt, Brace
Jovanovich.
Pinker, Steven (1994) The Language Instinct. New York: William Morris.
Slobin, Dan Issac (1979) Psycholinguistics. (2nd ed) Glenville, US: Scott, Foresman and Company.
Steinberg, Daniel (1993) An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. London: Longman.
Traxler, and Gernsbacher, Morton Ann (1994) Handbook of Psycholinguistics. New York: Academic Press.
Socio. Linguistics
EA5129
This course represents an introduction to one of the hyphenated fields which bridges the disciplines of sociology and linguistics. Sociolinguistics examines the relationship between language and the social context in which it is used. The primary task in the study of sociolinguistics is to map linguistics variation on to social conditions. Specifically, sociolinguistics investigates the use of language and the social structures in which the users of language exist, particularly the systematic variation of language that can only be accounted for by appealing to socially relevant facts and forces. Sociolinguistics is all about variation in language use as it relates to social factors.
Credit Units: 2 units
Contact hours: 2-hour lecture once a week
Prerequisite: 20452
Placement 7th semester
Course Objectives
At the end of the course, students are expected to:
- understand the complex connections between the variations within a language and the matching variations in the social groups that use it;
- explain socially relevant explanations for regular patterns of variation in language use;
- discuss the differences in pronunciation and grammar as well as the choice of lexical items that are related to the educational or economic status of members of the speech community;
- investigate the close bonds between language choice and social identity, specifically why so many language communities have been willing to undertake political action to preserves their languages;
- examine why speakers of certain varieties of language are influential and powerful, and why speakers of other varieties are regularly discriminated against; and
- understand how social identity is recognizable from the speaker’s choices among all the variants that a language offers.
Course Outline
The social study of language
The ethnography of speaking and the structure of conversation
Locating variety in speech
Styles, gender and social class
Bilinguals and bilingualism
Societal multilingualism
Applied sociolinguistics
Methods of Instruction: Lectures, class discussions, individual student presentation of a seminal article in the field, empirical research which collects and analyzes aspects sociolinguistics.
Nature of Evaluation: Theoretical
Method of Assessment
Student presentation and research 10%
Midterm Examination 30%
Final Examination 60%
Recommended Text: Spolsky, B (1998) Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Other References
Coulmas, Florian (ed) (1998) The Handbook of Sociolinguistics. Blackwell Reference Online. 28 Dec 2007.
Coulmas, Florian (2005) Sociolinguistics: The Study of Speakers’ Choices. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Giglioli, Pier Paolo (1972) Language and Social Context. London: Penguin Books.
Llamas, Carmen, Mullany, Louise and Stockwell, Peter (eds) (2007) The Routledge Companion to Sociolinguistics. London: Routledge.
Pride, J.B. and Holmes, Janet (1979) Sociolinguistics. London: Penguin Books.
Trudgill, P (1995) Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society. (3rd ed) London: Penguin Books.
Discourse analysis
EA51210
The main aim of the course is to examine the current developments in the analysis of spoken and written discourse and also to assess the usefulness of those development in the design of materials for language learning. It provides a theoretical underpinning to the teaching of the language skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing.
OUTLINES:
- An Introduction to discourse Analysis including definitions, background and central concepts.
- The analysis of spoken discourse and its implications to the design of listening and speaking materials.
- The analysis of written discourse and its implications to the design of reading and writing materials.
Error analysis
EA51211
The objectives of this course is to introduce the students to the techniques and procedures used by both CA and EA in describing the learners’ inter-language. Its application to the theories of teaching and learning a second language or a foreign language. Moreover, learners at the end of the course should be able to identify and analyze these different types of errors made by second or foreign language learners.
Syllabus Design
EA51212
The aim of the course is to provide an overall view of the nature of course design and aspects to be considered in constructing syllabuses.
OUTLINES
- Definition of a syllabus
- Curriculum vs a syllabus
- Traditional syllabuses
– Structural
– Situational
– Functinal/ Notional
- Non- Traditional Syllabus
-Communicative syllabuses Based on Content Specification
-Communicative Syllabuses Based on Methodology
- Constructing A syllabus
– Fact Finding Stage
– The basis for designing a syllabus
– Objective of the Syllabus
-Selection and Organization of the Language Content in a
syllabus
- Discourse- Based Approach to Syllabus Design
REFERENCES:
– Dubin , Fraida and Elite Olshtain (1994).Course Design .
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Munby, J. (1978) Communicative Syllabus Design. Cambridge
University Press.
- Imssalem, Nuwara. (2000). Discourse Based Approach To
Language Teaching and Learning. Benghazi, Garyounis
Unversity.
- Imssalem, Nuwara (2000) .Textbook Evaluation and Desiging a
Syllabus. Benghazi , Garyounis University.
Linguistics & Language Teaching
EA51213
The course provides an introduction to the relationship between Language Teaching and linguistics. The course will include topics such as: the relationship between Language Teaching and linguistics though different historical stages. The course will illustrate branches of linguistic studies, schools of linguistics such as American structuralism (Bloomfield) and transformational theory (Chomsky). The course also introduces functional & systematic linguistics.
Finally, the pedagogical implications of these linguistic theories to language, pedagogical grammars, & teaching methodology.
Textbooks Evaluation
EA51214
The aim of this course is to provide students with the tools of textbook evaluation. The evaluation will include textbooks from different periods, from 60s ,70s, 80s, 90s to the present. The criteria that will be used in the evaluation of these textbooks: language content, the reality of the situation, contextualization, integration to the skills and meaningfulness of the method.
ماجستير في اللغويات ودراسات الترجمة
M.A in Linguistics & Translation studies
المسار الأول (مواد + رسالة)
تتكون المرحلة التمهيدية من البرنامج من 6 مواد دراسية إلزامية و مادتان يختارهما الطالب من المواد الاختيارية بشرط أن لا تقل عدد الساعات الدراسية في الفصل الدراسي عن 6 ساعات دراسية ولا تزيد عن 12 ساعة دراسية خلال الفصل , علي أن يجتاز الطالب المواد الدراسية المقررة بتقدير جيد علي الأقل ، وبعد إكمال الطالب لعدد 24 ساعة يتقدم بمقترح البحث للاعتماد من قبل القسم وتكليف أحد أعضاء هيأة التدريس بالإشراف علي الرسالة.
وبعدها يناقش الطالب الرسالة العلمية أمام لجنة يقترحها القسم و يتم اعتمادها من الكلية والجامعة لهذا الغرض.
Compulsory Courses المواد الإجبارية
ر.م | اسم المادة | رقم المادة | عدد الساعات |
1 | Phonetics | EL5121 | 3 |
2 | Linguistics | EL5122 | 3 |
3 | Translation Methods | ET5123 | 3 |
4 | Semantics & pragmatics | EL5124 | 3 |
5 | Translation Theory & Practices | ET5125 | 3 |
6 | Research Methodology | ETL5126 | 3 |
Elective Courses المواد الاختيارية
ر.م | اسم المادة | رقم المادة | عدد الساعات |
1 | Contrastive Grammar | ET5127 | 3 |
2 | Interpreting Studies | ET5128 | 3 |
3 | Translation Teaching | ET5129 | 3 |
4 | English Grammar | EL51210 | 3 |
5 | Morphology | EL51211 | 3 |
6 | Linguistics for Translation | ET51212 | 3 |
7 | Workshops in Translation | ET51213 | 3 |
8 | Interpreting | ET51214 | 3 |
Number of hours: 24 hrs. + Thesis 9 hrs. (ETL51213) |
المسار الثاني (مواد فقط)
بالإضافة إلي المواد الإلزامية يختار الطالب عدد 6 مواد من المواد الاختيارية . بالإضافة إلي بحث مصغر في الترجمة أو اللغويات
Number of hours: 36 hrs. + Translation or Linguistics Project 4 hrs. (ETL51214) |
وصف المواد الدراسية لبرنامج ماجستير في اللغويات ودراسات الترجمة
Compulsory Courses – المواد الإجبارية
General Linguistics
EA5121 3hrs.
This course will provide an introduction to the study and analysis of morphology (word formation) and syntax (grammar) in human language. The focus will be on English but comparison will be made to other languages. The course also will illustrate branches of linguistic studies, Schools of Linguistics- Swiss School (De Saussure), Prague school, American structuralism (Bloomfield and his followers). Transformational theory (Chomsky). The course also introduces phrase structure rules a major transformations, functional theory and systematic linguistics.
Language learning & Teaching
EA5122 3hrs.
The aim of this course is to illustrate major elements such as approach, method and technique. Students are also introduced to both teaching and learning strategies. An overview of the language teaching methods is presented to ensure knowledge and information about them. Teaching strategies is designed to introduce new Teaching Assistants to the pedagogy and theoretical understanding of second/foreign language teaching and learning, so as to give students some practical and theoretical tools to develop their teaching abilities on their own. The course also shed light on syllabus design, textbook evaluation and illustrating the characteristics of teaching and learning. Moreover, students should be aware of teaching and learning theories in second and foreign language.
English Grammar
EA5123. 3hrs.
Students have the chance to learn more about basic grammatical ideas. Unit structure, class (open and closed classes) system. The elements of sentence. The verb phrase, its structure, tense, aspect and mood. Finite and non-finite verbs. The noun phrase- Basic noun phrase consisting of the noun head and a closed class element i.e. Determiners). Types of nouns. Number, Gender, and Case. Pronouns. Various types of pronouns. Adjectives and adverbs – defined morphologically and functionally. Prepositional phrase. Their structure and function. Classifications of the main types of prepositions. Simple sentences, the various patterns of a simple sentence consisting of compulsory elements only. Classifying simple sentences structurally and functionally. Statements, questions, negation, commands, and exclamations. Adverbials, A detailed study of adjuncts, disjuncts and conjuncts. An introductory idea of coordination and subordination. The main coordinators in English. Apposition.
Language Testing
EA5124 3hrs.
The aim of the course is to introduce purposes and methods of language testing to realize the characteristics of a good test. The students are also introduced to the four language skills and the two components of grammar and vocabulary regarding the testing of each individually. Major proficiency test types are presented in class for illustration such as TOFEL & ILETS. The students should comprehend how to compute basic test statistics before Constructing, administering, interpreting, and using test results. By the end of the course students should be able to construct an MCQ test for different language skills.
Literature in ELT
EA5125 3hrs.
This course discusses questions like “what is literature? What are the main literary concepts and terms which a teacher needs to know? It also examines the relationship between language teaching and literature. It presents a pedagogical treatment if literary texts (the type of sentence pattern, the type of vocabulary, the non-core meaning of the vocabulary) and the impact of this on designing syllabuses and learning materials. The course also looks at ways in which a variety of literary texts, including poetry, plays, short stories and novels, can be used in the classroom. The tasks and other activities organized around them offer generalizable procedures and teachings which can be applied or adapted to different teaching contexts.
Research Methodology
EA5126
This course provides an introduction to research design. The main goals of the course are: (a) to develop the ability of students to critically read and assess published research, and (b) to provide students with an overview of various stages in the process of carrying out research in the field of applied linguistics. The course will include such topics as the development of research questions and the generation of hypotheses, defining/describing variables, concepts such as validity and reliability, data collection procedures, data coding and analysis and basic statistical concepts. Qualitative/descriptive and quantitative research designs will both be discussed and contextualized as a function of research questions.
Elective Courses المواد الاختيارية
Technology in ELT
EA5127
The aim of this course is to provide students with information and communication technology (ICT) tools and how use them in language classrooms. The course covers the following topics:
- Terms related to ICT.
- Technology in language Teaching.
- Using websites.
- How to use e-mails.
- Online reference tools.
- Producing electronic materials.
- E-learning online teaching and training.
Psycholinguistics
EA5128
Psycholinguistics is an interdisciplinary field of study in which the goals are to understand how people acquire language, how people use language to speak and understand one another, and how language is represented and processed in the brain. Psycholinguistics, also known as the psychology of language, is primarily a sub-discipline of psychology and linguistics, but it is also related to developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, neurolinguistics, and speech science. It is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, comprehend and produce language. Psycholinguistics examines the cognitive processes that make it possible to generate a grammatical and meaningful sentence.
Credit Units: 2 units
Contact hours: 2-hour lecture once a week
Prerequisite: 20452
Placement 6th semester
Course Objectives
At the end of the course, students are expected to:
- define psycholinguistics;
- discuss the origins of the field of psycholinguistics;
- state the processes involved in psycholinguistic inquiry;
- examine the nature of language;
- discuss the processes involved in the comprehension of speech;
- determine the processes involved in the production of speech;
- explain the language acquisition process;
- examine how languages can be lost;
- outline some important processes that characterize the working of the human mind; and
- link the human mind with linguistic performance as expressed through linguistics choices.
Course Outline
- Language Acquisition
- First words
- The birth of grammar
- Evidence for innateness
- Stages of linguistics development
- Production of language
- Conceptualization
- Formulation
- Articulation
- Self-monitoring
III. Comprehension of language
- Sounds
- Words
- Sentences
- Texts
- Dissolution: language loss
- Neurolinguistics and language loss
- Speech and language disorders
Methods of Instruction: Lectures, class discussions, and individual student presentation of a seminal article in the field.
Nature of Evaluation: Theoretical
Method of Assessment
Student assignments & presentation 10%
Midterm Examination 30%
Final Examination 60%
Recommended Text: Scovel, Thomas (1998) Psycholinguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Other References
Carrol, David (1994) Psychology of Language. Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.
Clark, Herbert and Clark, Eve (1977) Psychology and Language: An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. New York: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich.
Garman, Micheal (1990) Psycholinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gleason, Jean and Ratner, Nan (eds) (1993) Psycholinguistics. New York: Harcourt, Brace
Jovanovich.
Pinker, Steven (1994) The Language Instinct. New York: William Morris.
Slobin, Dan Issac (1979) Psycholinguistics. (2nd ed) Glenville, US: Scott, Foresman and Company.
Steinberg, Daniel (1993) An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. London: Longman.
Traxler, and Gernsbacher, Morton Ann (1994) Handbook of Psycholinguistics. New York: Academic Press.
Socio. Linguistics
EA5129
This course represents an introduction to one of the hyphenated fields which bridges the disciplines of sociology and linguistics. Sociolinguistics examines the relationship between language and the social context in which it is used. The primary task in the study of sociolinguistics is to map linguistics variation on to social conditions. Specifically, sociolinguistics investigates the use of language and the social structures in which the users of language exist, particularly the systematic variation of language that can only be accounted for by appealing to socially relevant facts and forces. Sociolinguistics is all about variation in language use as it relates to social factors.
Credit Units: 2 units
Contact hours: 2-hour lecture once a week
Prerequisite: 20452
Placement 7th semester
Course Objectives
At the end of the course, students are expected to:
- understand the complex connections between the variations within a language and the matching variations in the social groups that use it;
- explain socially relevant explanations for regular patterns of variation in language use;
- discuss the differences in pronunciation and grammar as well as the choice of lexical items that are related to the educational or economic status of members of the speech community;
- investigate the close bonds between language choice and social identity, specifically why so many language communities have been willing to undertake political action to preserves their languages;
- examine why speakers of certain varieties of language are influential and powerful, and why speakers of other varieties are regularly discriminated against; and
- understand how social identity is recognizable from the speaker’s choices among all the variants that a language offers.
Course Outline
The social study of language
The ethnography of speaking and the structure of conversation
Locating variety in speech
Styles, gender and social class
Bilinguals and bilingualism
Societal multilingualism
Applied sociolinguistics
Methods of Instruction: Lectures, class discussions, individual student presentation of a seminal article in the field, empirical research which collects and analyzes aspects sociolinguistics.
Nature of Evaluation: Theoretical
Method of Assessment
Student presentation and research 10%
Midterm Examination 30%
Final Examination 60%
Recommended Text: Spolsky, B (1998) Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Other References
Coulmas, Florian (ed) (1998) The Handbook of Sociolinguistics. Blackwell Reference Online. 28 Dec 2007.
Coulmas, Florian (2005) Sociolinguistics: The Study of Speakers’ Choices. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Giglioli, Pier Paolo (1972) Language and Social Context. London: Penguin Books.
Llamas, Carmen, Mullany, Louise and Stockwell, Peter (eds) (2007) The Routledge Companion to Sociolinguistics. London: Routledge.
Pride, J.B. and Holmes, Janet (1979) Sociolinguistics. London: Penguin Books.
Trudgill, P (1995) Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society. (3rd ed) London: Penguin Books.
Discourse analysis
EA51210
The main aim of the course is to examine the current developments in the analysis of spoken and written discourse and also to assess the usefulness of those development in the design of materials for language learning. It provides a theoretical underpinning to the teaching of the language skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing.
OUTLINES:
- An Introduction to discourse Analysis including definitions, background and central concepts.
- The analysis of spoken discourse and its implications to the design of listening and speaking materials.
- The analysis of written discourse and its implications to the design of reading and writing materials.
Error analysis
EA51211
The objectives of this course is to introduce the students to the techniques and procedures used by both CA and EA in describing the learners’ inter-language. Its application to the theories of teaching and learning a second language or a foreign language. Moreover, learners at the end of the course should be able to identify and analyze these different types of errors made by second or foreign language learners.
Syllabus Design
EA51212
The aim of the course is to provide an overall view of the nature of course design and aspects to be considered in constructing syllabuses.
OUTLINES
- Definition of a syllabus
- Curriculum vs a syllabus
- Traditional syllabuses
– Structural
– Situational
– Functinal/ Notional
- Non- Traditional Syllabus
-Communicative syllabuses Based on Content Specification
-Communicative Syllabuses Based on Methodology
- Constructing A syllabus
– Fact Finding Stage
– The basis for designing a syllabus
– Objective of the Syllabus
-Selection and Organization of the Language Content in a
syllabus
- Discourse- Based Approach to Syllabus Design
REFERENCES:
– Dubin , Fraida and Elite Olshtain (1994).Course Design .
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Munby, J. (1978) Communicative Syllabus Design. Cambridge
University Press.
- Imssalem, Nuwara. (2000). Discourse Based Approach To
Language Teaching and Learning. Benghazi, Garyounis
Unversity.
- Imssalem, Nuwara (2000) .Textbook Evaluation and Desiging a
Syllabus. Benghazi , Garyounis University.
Linguistics & Language Teaching
EA51213
The course provides an introduction to the relationship between Language Teaching and linguistics. The course will include topics such as: the relationship between Language Teaching and linguistics though different historical stages. The course will illustrate branches of linguistic studies, schools of linguistics such as American structuralism (Bloomfield) and transformational theory (Chomsky). The course also introduces functional & systematic linguistics.
Finally, the pedagogical implications of these linguistic theories to language, pedagogical grammars, & teaching methodology.
Textbooks Evaluation
EA51214
The aim of this course is to provide students with the tools of textbook evaluation. The evaluation will include textbooks from different periods, from 60s ,70s, 80s, 90s to the present. The criteria that will be used in the evaluation of these textbooks: language content, the reality of the situation, contextualization, integration to the skills and meaningfulness of the method.
M.A in Applied Linguistics
Compulsory Courses
المواد الإجبارية
General Linguistics
EA5121 3hrs.
This course will provide an introduction to the study and analysis of morphology (word formation) and syntax (grammar) in human language. The focus will be on English but comparison will be made to other languages. The course also will illustrate branches of linguistic studies, Schools of Linguistics- Swiss School (De Saussure), Prague school, American structuralism (Bloomfield and his followers). Transformational theory (Chomsky). The course also introduces phrase structure rules a major transformations, functional theory and systematic linguistics.
Language learning & Teaching
EA5122 3hrs.
The aim of this course is to illustrate major elements such as approach, method and technique. Students are also introduced to both teaching and learning strategies. An overview of the language teaching methods is presented to ensure knowledge and information about them. Teaching strategies is designed to introduce new Teaching Assistants to the pedagogy and theoretical understanding of second/foreign language teaching and learning, so as to give students some practical and theoretical tools to develop their teaching abilities on their own. The course also shed light on syllabus design, textbook evaluation and illustrating the characteristics of teaching and learning. Moreover, students should be aware of teaching and learning theories in second and foreign language.
English Grammar
EA5123. 3hrs.
Students have the chance to learn more about basic grammatical ideas. Unit structure, class (open and closed classes) system. The elements of sentence. The verb phrase, its structure, tense, aspect and mood. Finite and non-finite verbs. The noun phrase- Basic noun phrase consisting of the noun head and a closed class element i.e. Determiners). Types of nouns. Number, Gender, and Case. Pronouns. Various types of pronouns. Adjectives and adverbs – defined morphologically and functionally. Prepositional phrase. Their structure and function. Classifications of the main types of prepositions. Simple sentences, the various patterns of a simple sentence consisting of compulsory elements only. Classifying simple sentences structurally and functionally. Statements, questions, negation, commands, and exclamations. Adverbials, A detailed study of adjuncts, disjuncts and conjuncts. An introductory idea of coordination and subordination. The main coordinators in English. Apposition.
Language Testing
EA5124 3hrs.
The aim of the course is to introduce purposes and methods of language testing to realize the characteristics of a good test. The students are also introduced to the four language skills and the two components of grammar and vocabulary regarding the testing of each individually. Major proficiency test types are presented in class for illustration such as TOFEL & ILETS. The students should comprehend how to compute basic test statistics before Constructing, administering, interpreting, and using test results. By the end of the course students should be able to construct an MCQ test for different language skills.
Literature in ELT
EA5125 3hrs.
This course discusses questions like “what is literature? What are the main literary concepts and terms which a teacher needs to know? It also examines the relationship between language teaching and literature. It presents a pedagogical treatment if literary texts (the type of sentence pattern, the type of vocabulary, the non-core meaning of the vocabulary) and the impact of this on designing syllabuses and learning materials. The course also looks at ways in which a variety of literary texts, including poetry, plays, short stories and novels, can be used in the classroom. The tasks and other activities organized around them offer generalizable procedures and teachings which can be applied or adapted to different teaching contexts.
Research Methodology
EA5126
This course provides an introduction to research design. The main goals of the course are: (a) to develop the ability of students to critically read and assess published research, and (b) to provide students with an overview of various stages in the process of carrying out research in the field of applied linguistics. The course will include such topics as the development of research questions and the generation of hypotheses, defining/describing variables, concepts such as validity and reliability, data collection procedures, data coding and analysis and basic statistical concepts. Qualitative/descriptive and quantitative research designs will both be discussed and contextualized as a function of research questions.
Elective Courses المواد الاختيارية
Technology in ELT
EA5127
The aim of this course is to provide students with information and communication technology (ICT) tools and how use them in language classrooms. The course covers the following topics:
- Terms related to ICT.
- Technology in language Teaching.
- Using websites.
- How to use e-mails.
- Online reference tools.
- Producing electronic materials.
- E-learning online teaching and training.
Psycholinguistics
EA5128
Psycholinguistics is an interdisciplinary field of study in which the goals are to understand how people acquire language, how people use language to speak and understand one another, and how language is represented and processed in the brain. Psycholinguistics, also known as the psychology of language, is primarily a sub-discipline of psychology and linguistics, but it is also related to developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, neurolinguistics, and speech science. It is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, comprehend and produce language. Psycholinguistics examines the cognitive processes that make it possible to generate a grammatical and meaningful sentence.
Credit Units: 2 units
Contact hours: 2-hour lecture once a week
Prerequisite: 20452
Placement 6th semester
Course Objectives
At the end of the course, students are expected to:
- define psycholinguistics;
- discuss the origins of the field of psycholinguistics;
- state the processes involved in psycholinguistic inquiry;
- examine the nature of language;
- discuss the processes involved in the comprehension of speech;
- determine the processes involved in the production of speech;
- explain the language acquisition process;
- examine how languages can be lost;
- outline some important processes that characterize the working of the human mind; and
- link the human mind with linguistic performance as expressed through linguistics choices.
Course Outline
- Language Acquisition
- First words
- The birth of grammar
- Evidence for innateness
- Stages of linguistics development
- Production of language
- Conceptualization
- Formulation
- Articulation
- Self-monitoring
III. Comprehension of language
- Sounds
- Words
- Sentences
- Texts
- Dissolution: language loss
- Neurolinguistics and language loss
- Speech and language disorders
Methods of Instruction: Lectures, class discussions, and individual student presentation of a seminal article in the field.
Nature of Evaluation: Theoretical
Method of Assessment
Student assignments & presentation 10%
Midterm Examination 30%
Final Examination 60%
Recommended Text: Scovel, Thomas (1998) Psycholinguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Other References
Carrol, David (1994) Psychology of Language. Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.
Clark, Herbert and Clark, Eve (1977) Psychology and Language: An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. New York: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich.
Garman, Micheal (1990) Psycholinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gleason, Jean and Ratner, Nan (eds) (1993) Psycholinguistics. New York: Harcourt, Brace
Jovanovich.
Pinker, Steven (1994) The Language Instinct. New York: William Morris.
Slobin, Dan Issac (1979) Psycholinguistics. (2nd ed) Glenville, US: Scott, Foresman and Company.
Steinberg, Daniel (1993) An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. London: Longman.
Traxler, and Gernsbacher, Morton Ann (1994) Handbook of Psycholinguistics. New York: Academic Press.
Socio. Linguistics
EA5129
This course represents an introduction to one of the hyphenated fields which bridges the disciplines of sociology and linguistics. Sociolinguistics examines the relationship between language and the social context in which it is used. The primary task in the study of sociolinguistics is to map linguistics variation on to social conditions. Specifically, sociolinguistics investigates the use of language and the social structures in which the users of language exist, particularly the systematic variation of language that can only be accounted for by appealing to socially relevant facts and forces. Sociolinguistics is all about variation in language use as it relates to social factors.
Credit Units: 2 units
Contact hours: 2-hour lecture once a week
Prerequisite: 20452
Placement 7th semester
Course Objectives
At the end of the course, students are expected to:
- understand the complex connections between the variations within a language and the matching variations in the social groups that use it;
- explain socially relevant explanations for regular patterns of variation in language use;
- discuss the differences in pronunciation and grammar as well as the choice of lexical items that are related to the educational or economic status of members of the speech community;
- investigate the close bonds between language choice and social identity, specifically why so many language communities have been willing to undertake political action to preserves their languages;
- examine why speakers of certain varieties of language are influential and powerful, and why speakers of other varieties are regularly discriminated against; and
- understand how social identity is recognizable from the speaker’s choices among all the variants that a language offers.
Course Outline
The social study of language
The ethnography of speaking and the structure of conversation
Locating variety in speech
Styles, gender and social class
Bilinguals and bilingualism
Societal multilingualism
Applied sociolinguistics
Methods of Instruction: Lectures, class discussions, individual student presentation of a seminal article in the field, empirical research which collects and analyzes aspects sociolinguistics.
Nature of Evaluation: Theoretical
Method of Assessment
Student presentation and research 10%
Midterm Examination 30%
Final Examination 60%
Recommended Text: Spolsky, B (1998) Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Other References
Coulmas, Florian (ed) (1998) The Handbook of Sociolinguistics. Blackwell Reference Online. 28 Dec 2007.
Coulmas, Florian (2005) Sociolinguistics: The Study of Speakers’ Choices. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Giglioli, Pier Paolo (1972) Language and Social Context. London: Penguin Books.
Llamas, Carmen, Mullany, Louise and Stockwell, Peter (eds) (2007) The Routledge Companion to Sociolinguistics. London: Routledge.
Pride, J.B. and Holmes, Janet (1979) Sociolinguistics. London: Penguin Books.
Trudgill, P (1995) Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society. (3rd ed) London: Penguin Books.
Discourse analysis
EA51210
The main aim of the course is to examine the current developments in the analysis of spoken and written discourse and also to assess the usefulness of those development in the design of materials for language learning. It provides a theoretical underpinning to the teaching of the language skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing.
OUTLINES:
- An Introduction to discourse Analysis including definitions, background and central concepts.
- The analysis of spoken discourse and its implications to the design of listening and speaking materials.
- The analysis of written discourse and its implications to the design of reading and writing materials.
Error analysis
EA51211
The objectives of this course is to introduce the students to the techniques and procedures used by both CA and EA in describing the learners’ inter-language. Its application to the theories of teaching and learning a second language or a foreign language. Moreover, learners at the end of the course should be able to identify and analyze these different types of errors made by second or foreign language learners.
Syllabus Design
EA51212
The aim of the course is to provide an overall view of the nature of course design and aspects to be considered in constructing syllabuses.
OUTLINES
- Definition of a syllabus
- Curriculum vs a syllabus
- Traditional syllabuses
– Structural
– Situational
– Functinal/ Notional
- Non- Traditional Syllabus
-Communicative syllabuses Based on Content Specification
-Communicative Syllabuses Based on Methodology
- Constructing A syllabus
– Fact Finding Stage
– The basis for designing a syllabus
– Objective of the Syllabus
-Selection and Organization of the Language Content in a
syllabus
- Discourse- Based Approach to Syllabus Design
REFERENCES:
– Dubin, Fraida and Elite Olshtain (1994). Course Design.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Munby, J. (1978) Communicative Syllabus Design. Cambridge
University Press.
- Imssalem, Nuwara. (2000). Discourse Based Approach To
Language Teaching and Learning. Benghazi, Garyounis
Unversity.
- Imssalem, Nuwara (2000) .Textbook Evaluation and Desiging a
Syllabus. Benghazi , Garyounis University.
Linguistics & Language Teaching
EA51213
The course provides an introduction to the relationship between Language Teaching and linguistics. The course will include topics such as: the relationship between Language Teaching and linguistics though different historical stages. The course will illustrate branches of linguistic studies, schools of linguistics such as American structuralism (Bloomfield) and transformational theory (Chomsky). The course also introduces functional & systematic linguistics.
Finally, the pedagogical implications of these linguistic theories to language, pedagogical grammars, & teaching methodology.
Textbooks Evaluation
EA51214
The aim of this course is to provide students with the tools of textbook evaluation. The evaluation will include textbooks from different periods, from 60s ,70s, 80s, 90s to the present. The criteria that will be used in the evaluation of these textbooks: language content, the reality of the situation, contextualization, integration to the skills and meaningfulness of the method.
M.A in Linguistics & Translation studies
Contrastive Grammar
Elective Course: No. ET5127
Course Description
Constructive Grammar is par t and parcel of the larger field of constructive linguistics. The latter field of study has been known by other names: confrontational linguistics, comparative linguistics, besides contrastive linguistics. However, the term constructive linguistics is probably more established and more widely used.
This course of contrastive grammar aims at putting out similarities and differences between the grammars of Arabic and English. For practical reasons, only certain areas of two grammars are usually compared and contrasted, since dealing with all the details of the languages concerned will be nearly impossible.
Two types of contrastive linguistics may be distinguished: theoretical and applied. The objective of the former is to encourage constructive studies within the framework of general linguistics. Applied constructive linguistics, on the other hand, has pedagogical objectives; it may be used profitably in second and foreign language learning. Applied constructive linguistics is also useful for those who are interested in translation.
Course Outline
- How are the grammar of the two languages constructed?
- The sentence
- The predicate
- How elements of the sentence are related
- Class and system
- The verb phrase in Arabic and English
- Classes of Arabic verbs
- The model auxiliaries in English
- Finite and on-finite verbs in English
- Derived forms of the Arabic verb
- Comparison of tenses and aspects in English and Arabic
- Modality bin English and Arabic
- Nouns in English and Arabic
- Number gender and case in English and Arabic
- Comparison of adjectives in English and Arabic
- Simple and compound sentences in both languages
References: Aziz, Y. (1989) A Contrastive Grammar of English and Arabic. Mosul: DaarInb-Al-Athir Press.
Husni Al-Muhtaseb Some Differences between Arabic and English: A Step towards an Arabic Upper Model. faculty.kfupm.edu.sa/ics/muhtaseb/Research/UKPAPER.pd
Translation Methods
Compulsory Course No. ET5123
Course Description
The process of translation is a process of decision-making. It is a set of procedures and strategies for making judgments when selecting the optimal choice from a range of potential equivalents. A theory of translation should attempt to understand how that decision-making is accomplished. How is the mental representation of the virtualtranslation constructed and how does it emerge as a target language text? A theory of translation should explicate how the professional translator moves from the concrete source text, to the construction of the virtual translation, to producing the most appropriate target text. It should explicate the factors that play into the decision-making, including communicative function, target language textual style, potential audience, and the requirements of the host culture and linguistic system.
Methods of models of translation is an attempt to explain some common factors and to resolve differences. Many controversies in translation studies might be quelledby a better understanding of each model represents a particular of view, but there are also significant interdependencies. Eventually, without yielding their specific perspectives, each of these methods could contribute to a more ambiguous and more adequate integrated theory.
Course Outline
- The critical Model
- The practical Model
- The linguistic Model
- The text Linguistic Model
- The sociocultural Mode
- The Computational Model
- The Psycholinguistic Model
References: Neubert, A and Shreve, G. (1992) Translation as Text. Kent: Kent University Press.
Dickens, J., Hervey, S. and Higgins, I. (2002) A Course in Translation Method: Arabic to English. London: Routledge
Interpreting Studies
Elective Course: No. ET5127
Course Description
Imagine two people sitting in a room. They may be politicians, businesspersons, trade unions, or scientists. They wish to discuss their work but speak different languages, and neither speaks the other’s language well enough for the discussion to be useful. So they call in someone else, who speaks both languages, to explain what each is saying in turn. That person is an interpreter.
When one is interpreting, an awful lot is going on at one time. You are listening, understanding, writing things down, reading documents used in the meeting, analyzing ideas, talking. And all of this while perpetually switching from language to another, using at least two languages, may be more.
This course is an attempt to unravel the process of conference interpreting and present them in a structured digestible manner.
Course Outline
- What is interpreting?
- What is conference interpreting?
- The context of the conference interpreter’s work.
- Basic principles of consecutive interpreting
- Analysis
Analysis of speech type
Identification of main ideas
Analysis of links
Memory
3 Note taking in consecutive interpreting
Practical points for note taking
What to note
How to note
4 Simultaneous interpreting
The acoustic difficulties of simultaneous interpreting
Use of equipment
Cultivating split attention
The techniques of simultaneous interpreting
Reference:
Jones, Roderick (1998) Conference Interpreting Explained. Manchester: St Jerome.
Course: General Linguistics
EL5122
Lecturer: Prof. Rakas, M. (Ph.D. Linguistics/Syntax)
Course outline
This general (theoretical) course is concerned with the scientific study of the human natural languages, the study of the human natural languages core levels, phonology, morphology and syntax. The course examines how these linguistic hierarchal levels interact through the morpho-phonemic and morpho-syntactic intermediate levels. An outline on the history of linguistics is presented. Phonetic background is highly recommended as a prerequisite knowledge. Current linguistic studies pinpoint the concept of ‘competence’ as central to the study the structure and the function of the human language. The study of particular languages reveals linguistic principles and parameters shared by human languages, viz. principles common to human natural languages. It is posited that these universal principles belong to a meta-abstract language I call ‘Big L’, hence Universal Linguistic Theory (ULT) or ‘Universal Grammar’ (UG). In this view, the study of language is ultimately the study of the human mind. Theoretical linguistics has important impact on other fields (Applied Linguistics) as diverse as medicine (e.g. remedial linguistics), education (e.g. language teaching and learning), sociology (e.g. socio-linguistics), stylistics (e.g. literature, dialectology and registers), psychology (psycholinguistics and speech impairments), etc.
Course Description
CHAPTER ONE: History of linguistics
1 Linguistic as a science and linguistic terms in practice
- General and fundamental concepts and human Language properties.
- Linguistics and Universal Principles
- Ancient Grammarians
- The Middle ages (1100-1500), The Renaissance (14th-17th century), and the Age of Enlightenment (18th century)
- The Nineteenth Century: Linguistics becomes a Science
- Neo-grammarians School and Port Royal School
- Traditional and Structural Linguistics in the 20th century
- Structuralism
- T.G. Grammar
- Definitions: (elaboration of the term “Language”):
Todd (1987)
Sapir (1921)
Bloch and Trager (1942)
Hall (1968)
Robins (1979a)
Chomsky (1957)
- Language behavior and language system
- Language and speech
- Priorities of the spoken form to the written form of language:
Structural priority
Functional priority
- The semiotic system:
Language arbitrariness
Language duality
Language discreteness
Language productivity
- Linguistic distinctions:
General and descriptive linguistics
Synchronic and diachronic descriptions
Theoretical and applied linguistics
Micro-linguistics and macro-linguistics
Descriptive and prescriptive linguistics
Structure and system
Twentieth century linguistics: Ferdinand de Suassure
More on Chomsky’s linguistic theory
CHAPTER TWO: Phonology (Structure and Pattern of Sounds)
Phonetic and Phonemic Representations
The Concept of Phoneme
Minimal Pairs
Allophones
Complementary Distribution
Free Variants
Distinctive Features
Neutralization and Archi-phoneme
Different Views of Phoneme
CHAPTER THREE: Morphology
Word Definition
Word Structure
Affixation
Prefix, Infix and Suffix
Inflectional Morphology
Morphemes
Derivational Morphology
Lexemes
Suppletion (go/went)
Zero Realization (sheep/fish/cut I)
Conversion (round D)
Syncretism (Neutralization)
CHAPTER FOUR: Lexicology
Parts of Speech (Grammatical Categories)
Content Words and Function Words
Morphological Processes:
Coining
Acronyms
Clippings
Blending
Backformation
Compounds and Compounding
CHAPTER FIVE: syntax:
Some background concepts:
Intermediate Morph-syntactic Level
Derivation and Syntax
Inflection and Syntax
X Heads
Head Projection
Phrase Category
Sentence Functional Positions
X-bar Theory of Syntax
Universal Phrase Marker
Head, Complement, Adjuncts, Specifiers and max projection
Structural Ambiguity and embedding (Subordination)
Source Texts:
- Lyons, J. 1968 Theoretical Linguistics Cambridge University Press
- Crystal, D. 1980 A first Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics Cambridge University Press
- Lyons, J. 1981 Language and linguistics Cambridge University Press
- Edward, Y. & Whitman, R. 1981 An introduction to Linguistics Little, Brown and Company Boston- Toronto
- Akmajian, A. et al 1986 Linguistics The MIT Press
- Todd, L. 1987 An introduction to linguistics Longman York press
- Arnoff, M & Rees-Miller, J 2000 The handbook of linguistics Blackwell Publishing
- F. R. Palmer 1979: Semantics: a new outline Cambridge University Press
Rakas, M. 2000 The Relative Clause in Arabic: a surface oriented study PhD dissertation University of Malta.
Course: English Practical Phonetics
EL5121
Lecturer: Prof.. Rakas, M. (PhD Linguistics)
The model adopted in this study is the standard Received Pronunciation (RP accent).
English RP consonant and vowel sounds
Sounds vs. letters
Consonants vs. vowels
Phonetic symbols.
International Phonetic Alphabets (IPA)
Speech mechanism (speech production)
– Respiratory system
Egressive and ingressive airstream mechanisms
– Phonatory system
States of glottis
voicing
– Articulatory system
Articulators (speech organs)
Place of articulation and passive speech organs.
Manner of articulation.
Ear Training Program: intensive ear-tongue practice to discriminate the 26 various vowel qualities in different phonetic environments, i.e. in initial, medial and final positions, before voiceless and voiced consonants.
Consonantal obstacles
/P/b/
/ʃ/tʃ/
/ʒ/dʒ/
/ƞ/
/ɻ/
etc.
The Cardinal Vowel Theory (Denial Jones’s system)
Vocalic obstacles
/i/e/
/Ͻ:/əu/
/auə/əuə/
etc.
Practical sessions: Strong and Weak forms in words, phrases and sentence
Phonetic transcript training
Intensive text dictation
Words
Phrases
Connected speech
The notion of syllable
English stress pattern (intensive ear training)
Primary stress
Secondary stress
Unstressed/unaccented syllable
Application
Topics of conversation in open seminar sessions.
Vowel identification
Stress identification
Overall training sessions
Readings
O’Connor, J.D. (1976) A course of English Pronunciation The British Broadcasting Corporation
Roach, P. (1999) English Phonetics and Phonology: a practical course Cambridge University Press
Hooke, R. & Rowell, J. (1982) A Handbook of English Pronunciation Edward Arnold
Wells. J.C. $ Colson, G. (1978) Practical Phonetics Pitman
Rakas, M. (2008b) Some Problematic Issues Facing Libyan Arab Learners of English Journal of Arts issue 30 Benghazi University
Course: Morphology EL51211
Lecturer: Prof. Rakas, M. (Ph.D. Linguistics)
Nov. 2018
Course outline
Morphology is often defined as the study of word structure. It is an intermediate hierarchal level linking phonology and syntax in human languages. It is connected to the lower phonological level through an intermediate morpho-phonemic level and connected to a higher syntactic level through an intermediate morpho-syntactic level. Cross-linguistically, morphology is the level, where lexical heads are derived in the Derivational morphology, and the phi-features are assigned by the Inflectional morphology for sentences interpretation in syntax. Hence, the morphological component in human languages subsumes two interacted morphologies, viz. the Lexical (Derivational) morphology and the Inflectional morphology. Phonology projects syllables into lexical morphology to build up lexical heads, which in turn project their endocentric phrases. Phrases are projected into syntax to fill out the sentence syntactic positions. Inflectional morphology projects the grammatical features needed for sentence interpretation in syntax, i.e. subject-verb agreement, declension features (e.g. gender, number, person, case, definiteness, etc.), and conjugation features (e.g. tense, aspect, mood, modality, etc.). These phi-features are needed at the syntactic level to display the grammatical relations holding among functional syntactic positions in sentences deep structure. The sentence syntactic positions are realized through lexical phrase categories, and the inflectional features are indicated by morphological markers such as affixation and zero realization. Lexicology is often prescribed for word formation processes such as compounding, acronyms, clippings, blends, coinage, back formation, etc. Generalized morphological principles and word formation rules, regularities between inflectional properties and morphological markers, etc should be considered.
Course Description
Morphology: The Study of Word Structure
- Words: some basic notions
1.1 Phonetic/Phonological information
- 2 Lexical structure information
1.3 Syntactic information
1.4 Semantic information
1.5 Pragmatic information
2, Some Basic Questions of Morphology
2.1 What are words?
2.2 What are the basic building blocks in complex words?
2.3 How is the meaning of a complex word related to the meaning of its parts
2.4 How are individual words of a language relate to other words of the language?
3, Complex Words and Morphemes
3.1 Morphemes
3.2 basic morpheme, stem and root
3.3 English morphology
- Grammatical (Lexical) categories (parts of speech
4.1 Nouns
4.2 Verbs
4.3 Adjectives
4.4 Adverbs
4.5 Prepositions
4.6 Reduplication
- Open versus closed class words
5.1 Lexical and functional categories
5.2 Telegraphic speech
5.3 Internal cohesion and external distribution
- Morphemes
6.1 Free morpheme
6.1.1 Open-class words
6.1.2 Closed-class words
6.2 Bound morpheme
6.2.1 Affixes
6.2.1 Prefixes
6.2.2 Infixes
6.2.3 Suffixes
6.2.4 Circumfixes
6.2.2 Bound bases
6.2.3 Contracted forms
- Neologism (creating new words and changing the meaning of words
7.1 Coined words
7.2 Acronyms
7.3 Alphabetic abbreviation
7.4 Clippings
7.5 Blends
7.6 Generified words
7.7 Proper nouns
7.8 Borrowings
7.8.1Direct borrowings
7.8.2 Indirect borrowings
7.9 Changing the meaning of words
7.10 Changing the part of speech
7.11 Metaphorical extension
7.12 Broadening
7.13 Narrowing
7.14 Semantic shift
7.15 Reversals
- Word formation rules
8.1 Compounds and compounding
- The agentive suffix –er
- The –able suffix
- The diminutive suffix y/ie
- Backformation
13 Morphological processes
13.1 Suppletion
13.2 Zero realization
13.3 Conversion
13.4 others
- Inflectional versus Derivational morphology
14.1 Problematic aspects of morphological analysis
14.2 Productivity
14.3 False analysis
14.4 Bound base morpheme
- Special topics
15.1 The meaning of complex words
15.2 More on compounding
15.3 Morphological anaphora
15.4 Classes of Derivational affixes
Further notions
Morpho-phonemic intermediate level: links the morphological and the phonological levels in human languages.
Meaning (semantics) and function (grammar)
Lexical (derivational) categories
Grammatical (inflectional) properties
Morpho-syntactic intermediate level: connects the morphological and the syntactic levels in human languages
Phi-features assignment (inflection)
Head projection (derivation)
Advanced Morphology
Words and morphemes
Morphemes and Morphs
The analysis of words
The order of morphs and the order of morphemes
Lexical morphology
Further Readings
Akmajian, A. et al (2001) Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and Communication Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Press
Radford, A. (1988) Transformational Grammar Cambridge University Press
Matthews, P. (1074) Morphology Cambridge University Press
Brown, E. & Miller (1980) Syntax: A Linguistic introduction to sentence Structure Hutchinson University Library.
Crane, L. et al (1981) An Introduction to Linguistics Little Brown & Company Canada.
Lyons. J. (1995) Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics Cambridge University Press.
Fassi Fehri, A. (1993) Issues in the Structure of Arabic Clauses and Words London/Boston Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Linguistics for Translation
Elective Course: No. ET51212
Course Description
This course is about the relationship between linguistics and translation theory. Many linguists have no interest in translation theory, and some translation theorists are increasingly declaring that linguistics has nothing to offer their discipline. There are many things in translation which can only be described and explained by linguistics. Further, a translator who lacks at least a basic knowledge of linguistics is somebody who is working with an incomplete toolkit.
Since what might be called the ‘ heroic age ‘ of linguistically-oriented translation studies extended from the mid-1950s to the mid-1980s, it is only right that these classic texts receive their due attention throughout the course.
In relation to some of these developments, there are many areas of translation studies where much more linguistic research is needed. There has been a tendency for translation theorists to make a proposal and then pass on, leaving the ground largely unbroken.
Course Outline
- Translation Techniques
- Translation as ‘ analogy’
- Translation as ‘adequacy’
- Concretization
- Compensation
2 Vinay and Darbe1net approach
- Borrowing
b Calque
- Literal translation
- Transposition
- Modulation
- Equivalence
- Adaptation
- Beyond the Sentence: Context and Register
- Context
- Communicative event and register
- Register
- Register and language user
- Register and language use
- Register in practice
- Text Structure
Theme/rheme and functional sentence perspective
Cohesion
Cohesion through repetition
Cohesion through ellipsis
Cohesion through reference
Coherence
Fawcett, Peter (2003) Translation and Language Linguistic Theories Explained.
Manchester: St Jerome.
Research Methodology
ETL5126
This course provides an introduction to research design. The main goals of the course are: (a) to develop the ability of students to critically read and assess published research, and (b) to provide students with an overview of various stages in the process of carrying out research in the field of applied linguistics. The course will include such topics as the development of research questions and the generation of hypotheses, defining/describing variables, concepts such as validity and reliability, data collection procedures, data coding and analysis and basic statistical concepts. Qualitative/descriptive and quantitative research designs will both be discussed and contextualized as a function of research questions.
English Grammar
EL51210
Students have the chance to learn more about basic grammatical ideas. Unit structure, class (open and closed classes) system. The elements of sentence. The verb phrase, its structure, tense, aspect and mood. Finite and non-finite verbs. The noun phrase- Basic noun phrase consisting of the noun head and a closed class element i.e. Determiners). Types of nouns. Number, Gender, and Case. Pronouns. Various types of pronouns. Adjectives and adverbs – defined morphologically and functionally. Prepositional phrase. Their structure and function. Classifications of the main types of prepositions. Simple sentences, the various patterns of a simple sentence consisting of compulsory elements only. Classifying simple sentences structurally and functionally. Statements, questions, negation, commands, and exclamations. Adverbials, A detailed study of adjuncts, disjuncts and conjuncts. An introductory idea of coordination and subordination. The main coordinators in English. Apposition.
Semantics & pragmatics
EL5124
Students will be introduced to issues in relation to the problem of defining meaning. The word meaning, reference and sense. Various sense relations, synonymy, and antonym. Basic semantic notions: token and type, denotation and connotation. Ogden and Richard’s idea of meaning (triangle of signification) De Saussure’s idea of signifier and signified. Behaviorists’ idea of meaning (Bloomfield) Sentence meaning based on the truth value table and necessary conditions, logic and meaning. Meaning of speech acts theory.
Course: General Linguistics
Program: M.A Linguistics
Lecturer: Prof. Rakas, M. (Ph.D. Linguistics/Syntax)
Course outline
This general (theoretical) course is concerned with the scientific study of the human natural languages, the study of the human natural languages core levels, phonology, morphology and syntax. The course examines how these linguistic hierarchal levels interact through the morpho-phonemic and morpho-syntactic intermediate levels. An outline on the history of linguistics is presented. Phonetic background is highly recommended as a prerequisite knowledge. Current linguistic studies pinpoint the concept of ‘competence’ as central to the study the structure and the function of the human language. The study of particular languages reveals linguistic principles and parameters shared by human languages, viz. principles common to human natural languages. It is posited that these universal principles belong to a meta-abstract language I call ‘Big L’, hence Universal Linguistic Theory (ULT) or ‘Universal Grammar’ (UG). In this view, the study of language is ultimately the study of the human mind. Theoretical linguistics has important impact on other fields (Applied Linguistics) as diverse as medicine (e.g. remedial linguistics), education (e.g. language teaching and learning), sociology (e.g. socio-linguistics), stylistics (e.g. literature, dialectology and registers), psychology (psycholinguistics and speech impairments), etc.
Course Description
CHAPTER ONE: History of linguistics
1 Linguistic as a science and linguistic terms in practice
- General and fundamental concepts and human Language properties.
- Linguistics and Universal Principles
- Ancient Grammarians
- The Middle ages (1100-1500), The Renaissance (14th-17th century), and the Age of Enlightenment (18th century)
- The Nineteenth Century: Linguistics becomes a Science
- Neo-grammarians School and Port Royal School
- Traditional and Structural Linguistics in the 20th century
- Structuralism
- T.G. Grammar
- Definitions: (elaboration of the term “Language”):
Todd (1987)
Sapir (1921)
Bloch and Trager (1942)
Hall (1968)
Robins (1979a)
Chomsky (1957)
- Language behavior and language system
- Language and speech
- Priorities of the spoken form to the written form of language:
Structural priority
Functional priority
- The semiotic system:
Language arbitrariness
Language duality
Language discreteness
Language productivity
- Linguistic distinctions:
General and descriptive linguistics
Synchronic and diachronic descriptions
Theoretical and applied linguistics
Micro-linguistics and macro-linguistics
Descriptive and prescriptive linguistics
Structure and system
Twentieth century linguistics: Ferdinand de Suassure
More on Chomsky’s linguistic theory
CHAPTER TWO: Phonology (Structure and Pattern of Sounds)
Phonetic and Phonemic Representations
The Concept of Phoneme
Minimal Pairs
Allophones
Complementary Distribution
Free Variants
Distinctive Features
Neutralization and Archi-phoneme
Different Views of Phoneme
CHAPTER THREE: Morphology
Word Definition
Word Structure
Affixation
Prefix, Infix and Suffix
Inflectional Morphology
Morphemes
Derivational Morphology
Lexemes
Suppletion (go/went)
Zero Realization (sheep/fish/cut I)
Conversion (round D)
Syncretism (Neutralization)
CHAPTER FOUR: Lexicology
Parts of Speech (Grammatical Categories)
Content Words and Function Words
Morphological Processes:
Coining
Acronyms
Clippings
Blending
Backformation
Compounds and Compounding
CHAPTER FIVE: syntax:
Some background concepts:
Intermediate Morph-syntactic Level
Derivation and Syntax
Inflection and Syntax
X Heads
Head Projection
Phrase Category
Sentence Functional Positions
X-bar Theory of Syntax
Universal Phrase Marker
Head, Complement, Adjuncts, Specifiers and max projection
Structural Ambiguity and embedding (Subordination)
Source Texts:
- Lyons, J. 1968 Theoretical Linguistics Cambridge University Press
- Crystal, D. 1980 A first Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics Cambridge University Press
- Lyons, J. 1981 Language and linguistics CambridgeUniversity Press
- Edward, Y. & Whitman, R. 1981 An introduction to Linguistics Little, Brown and Company Boston- Toronto
- Akmajian, A. et al 1986 Linguistics The MIT Press
- Todd, L. 1987 An introduction to linguistics Longman York press
- Arnoff, M & Rees-Miller, J 2000 The handbook of linguistics Blackwell Publishing
- F. R. Palmer 1979: Semantics: a new outline Cambridge University Press
Rakas, M. 2000 The Relative Clause in Arabic: a surface-oriented study PhD dissertation University of Malta.
أعضاء هيئة التدريس
Teaching Staff Members:
- Nuwara Mohamed Imssalam
- Ahmed Mohamed Abounowara
- Ramadan Ahmed AlMejrab
- Mohamed Salem Rakas
- Naji Mahmud Hemri
- Khadeja K. Abouaroush
- Amina M. B. Megheirbi
- Entisar O. El-Werfaly
- Youssif Z. Omar